Computational Study of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Walls Accounting for Patient-Specific Non-Uniform Intraluminal Thrombus Thickness and Distinct Material Models: A Pre- and Post-Rupture Case

Abstract

An intraluminal thrombus (ILT) is present in the majority of abdominal aortic aneurysms, playing a crucial role in their growth and rupture. Although most computational studies do not include the ILT, in the present study, this is taken into account, laying out the whole simulation procedure, namely, from computed tomography scans to medical image segmentation, geometry reconstruction, mesh generation, biomaterial modeling, finite element analysis, and post-processing, all carried out in open software. By processing the tomography scans of a patient’s aneurysm before and after rupture, digital twins are reconstructed assuming a uniform aortic wall thickness. The ILT and the aortic wall are assigned different biomaterial models; namely, the first is modeled as an isotropic linear elastic material, and the second is modeled as the Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic material as well as the transversely isotropic hyperelastic Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden nonlinear material. The implementation of the latter requires the designation of local Cartesian coordinate systems in the aortic wall, suitably oriented in space, for the proper orientation of the collagen fibers. The composite aneurysm geometries (ILT and aortic wall structures) are loaded with normal and hypertensive static intraluminal pressure. Based on the calculated stress and strain distributions, ILT seems to be protecting the aneurysm from a structural point of view, as the highest stresses appear in the thrombus-free areas of the aneurysmal wall.