Dietary-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles as Bacterial Modulators: Beyond MicroRNAs

Author:

Manzaneque-López Mari Cruz12,Sánchez-López Christian M.23ORCID,Pérez-Bermúdez Pedro4ORCID,Soler Carla12ORCID,Marcilla Antonio23ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Food & Health Lab, Institut de Ciències dels Materials, Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain

2. Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, 46012 Valencia, Spain

3. Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain

4. Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that food is an important factor that influences the composition of the gut microbiota. Usually, all the attention has been focused on nutrients such as lipids, proteins, vitamins, or polyphenols. However, a pivotal role in these processes has been linked to dietary-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (DELNs). While food macro- and micronutrient composition are largely well established, there is considerable interest in these DELNs and their cargoes. In this sense, traditionally, all the attention was focused on the proteins or miRNAs contained in these vesicles. However, it has been shown that DELNs would also carry other bioactive molecules with a key role in regulating biochemical pathways and/or interactions with the host’s gut microbiome affecting intracellular communication. Due to the scarce literature, it is necessary to compile the current knowledge about the antimicrobial capacity of DELNs and its possible molecular mechanisms that will serve as a starting point. For this reason, in this review, we highlight the impact of DENLs on different bacteria species modulating the host gut microbiota or antibacterial properties. It could be concluded that DELNs, isolated from both plant and animal foods, exert gut microbiota modulation. However, the presence of miRNA in the vesicle cargoes is not the only one responsible for this effect. Lipids present in the DELNs membrane or small molecules packed in may also be responsible for apoptosis signaling, inhibition, or growth promoters.

Funder

AEI-Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain

Conselleria d’Educació, Cultura i Esports, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain

Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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