Development and Validation of the Pet-Related Stress Scale

Author:

Matijczak Angela1ORCID,Tomlinson Camie A.2ORCID,Applebaum Jennifer W.3ORCID,Kogan Lori R.4ORCID,McDonald Shelby E.5

Affiliation:

1. School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Ave, Richmond, VA 23223, USA

2. Kent School of Social Work and Family Science, University of Louisville, 2313 S. 3rd Street, Louisville, KY 40292, USA

3. Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA

4. Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

5. School of Social Work, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

Abstract

Results of studies examining relations between human–animal interactions and human health and wellbeing have been inconsistent. This may be due, in part, to the scarcity of measures developed to assess levels of stress experienced when living with a pet (i.e., pet-related stress). This study developed and validated the Pet-Related Stress Scale (PRSS), a measure of general, multispecies pet-related stress among US pet owners. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis using the R software package to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PRSS and test competing model structures. We assessed validity through bivariate analyses between the PRSS and psychological stress, general stress, social support, and coping self-efficacy. Then, we conducted multiple group analysis to evaluate measurement invariance across age, race, Latine ethnicity, sexuality, gender, and gender modality. A three-factor model of pet-related stress (economic, psychological, and social stress) was the best fit for the data. Our results support convergent and divergent validity. However, the PRSS did not demonstrate measurement invariance across demographic groups. The PRSS is a promising measure of economic, psychological, and social stress related to owning pets that needs additional testing and refinement for use with marginalized populations most impacted by social disparities.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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