Urban Landscape Perception Research Based on the ERP Method: A Case Study of Jingdezhen, China

Author:

Cheng Yue1ORCID,Chen Jiayin2,Tang Jiajia1,Xu Wenbo34,Lv Dong5,Xiao Xuan14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Design and Art, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China

2. School of Art and Design, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China

3. Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

4. Faculty of Digital Arts, Jiangxi Arts and Ceramics Technology Institute, Jingdezhen 333300, China

5. School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China

Abstract

Within the rapidly growing urban tourism industry, the development of urban landscapes plays a crucial role in shaping a city’s image and competitiveness; however, standardized and mismatched landscapes often have a negative impact, highlighting the importance of assessing urban landscape perceptions. Although existing studies have discussed this through subjective questionnaires and physiological methods, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been thoroughly explored. The research focuses on Jingdezhen, a renowned historical and cultural city in China, as its case study. Utilized the event-related potential (ERP) method to explore individuals’ perceptual consistency and neural activity toward different types of urban landscapes. We adopted a 2 (landscape type: historical, modern) X 2 (perceptual match: consistent, inconsistent) within-subject design while recording behavioral data and electrophysiological responses. The results showed that, under any condition, there were no significant differences in people’s behavioral data. Neurophysiological results indicate that consistent perceptions of modern landscapes elicited greater P200 responses, suggesting increased attention driven by visual aesthetics and emotional activation. Under conditions of perceptual inconsistency, historical landscapes elicited higher N400 amplitudes than modern landscapes, revealing cognitive conflict and effort. This study demonstrates that P200 and N400 components are effective indicators for assessing urban perception, proving the viability of the event-related potential method in urban landscape research. Additionally, the research reveals the neural mechanisms of urban environmental perception from the early stages of attention and emotional distribution to the later stages of cognitive decision-making, which involve cognitive processes from “bottom-up” to “top-down”. This study not only provides a reference for efficient design planning for those involved in urban science but also inspires the coordination between the developmental needs of historical and modern urban landscapes. Moreover, it offers a new perspective for an interdisciplinary approach to urban perception assessment.

Funder

National Nature Scientific Foundation of China

Social Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province

Art Planning project of Jiangxi Province

Publisher

MDPI AG

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