Cr-Containing Rare-Earth Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet Ferrites: Catalytic Properties in the Ethylbenzene Oxidation

Abstract

A series of the Cr-containing erbium substituted yttrium iron garnet ferrites (ECYIG) was synthesized with distinct Cr amounts, herein referred to as Y3(Er0.02Fe5Cr1−x)O12, where x refers to Cr amounts from 0 to 0.05. The catalytic performance of the solids was investigated in ethylbenzene oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to assess the role of Cr and Er present in the YIG garnet lattice for fine chemistry compound production. Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM, EPR and FTIR revealed that the insertion of Er (at a fixed amount of 2%) in dodecahedral sites had a great impact on the catalytic activity of the garnets. Both Er3+ and Y3+ in the lattice simultaneously provided structural stability to the garnet structure in any harsh environment. XPS and EPR indicated that the Cr3+ ions replaced those of Fe3+ located in both octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the YIG garnets. The Cr3+ ions acted as electronic promoter to increase the oxidation rate of the Fe3+ active species responsible for activating the EB molecule. SEM-EDS demonstrated that the solids having Cr amounts lower than 4% experienced the most severe deactivation due to the Cr leaching and strong carbon species adsorption on the surface of the catalysts, which decreased their efficiency in the reaction.