Unlocking the Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Gynecology: Where Are We Now?

Author:

Erceg Ivkošić Ivana12,Fureš Rajko23,Ćosić Vesna24,Mikelin Nika5,Bulić Luka1ORCID,Dobranić Domagoj1,Brlek Petar16ORCID,Primorac Dragan126789101112ORCID

Affiliation:

1. St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

2. Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia

3. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zabok General Hospital and Croatian Veterans Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia

4. Poliklinika Ćosić, d.o.o., 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia

5. Health Center of the Zagreb County, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

6. School of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia

7. The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA

8. Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia

9. Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA

10. Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

11. Medical School REGIOMED, 96 450 Coburg, Germany

12. Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract

Stem cells, with their remarkable capacity for differentiation into diverse cell types, are vital for the development as well as maintenance of health and homeostasis. Two unique abilities set them apart from other cells: self-renewal and the capacity for differentiation. They play important roles in embryogenesis, development, regeneration, and various other processes. Over the last decade, there has been increased interest in their potential use in the treatment of numerous diseases and disorders across multiple fields of medicine in acute, chronic, innate, and acquired diseases. Stem cells are key to maintaining the body’s homeostasis and regulating growth and tissue functions. There are several types of stem cells—embryonic, adult, and human-induced pluripotent cells. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells are of great interest due to their regenerative, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial (anti-inflammatory) effects. Recent studies have shown the potent regenerative effect of stem cell therapy in gynecologic diseases such as infertility, Asherman syndrome, lichen sclerosus, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and rectovaginal fistulas. Moreover, the successful isolation of oogonial stem cells could lead to a revolution in the field of gynecology and the potential treatment of the conditions discussed. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the latest therapeutic options involving stem cells and raise awareness of this promising yet not widely known topic in gynecology and medicine in general.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Medicine (miscellaneous)

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