Interaction between Acute Hepatic Injury and Early Coagulation Dysfunction on Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background: In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute hepatic injury is an independent risk factor for prognosis and is associated with complex coagulation dynamics. This study aims to determine the interaction between acute hepatic injury and coagulation dysfunction on outcomes in AMI patients. Methods: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database was used to identify AMI patients who underwent liver function testing within 24 h of admission. After ruling out previous hepatic injury, patients were divided into the hepatic injury group and the nonhepatic injury group based on whether the alanine transaminase (ALT) level at admission was >3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). The primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Results: Among 703 AMI patients (67.994% male, median age 65.139 years (55.757–76.859)), acute hepatic injury occurred in 15.220% (n = 107). Compared with the nonhepatic injury group, patients with hepatic injury had a higher Elixhauser comorbidity index (ECI) score (12 (6–18) vs. 7 (1–12), p < 0.001) and more severe coagulation dysfunction (85.047% vs. 68.960%, p < 0.001). In addition, acute hepatic injury was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 3.906; 95% CI: 2.053–7.433; p < 0.001), ICU mortality (OR = 4.866; 95% CI: 2.489–9.514; p < 0.001), 28-day mortality (OR = 4.129; 95% CI: 2.215–7.695; p < 0.001) and 90-day mortality (OR = 3.407; 95% CI: 1.883–6.165; p < 0.001) only in patients with coagulation disorder but not with normal coagulation. Unlike patients with coagulation disorder and normal liver, patients with both coagulation disorder and acute hepatic injury had greater odds of ICU mortality (OR = 8.565; 95% CI: 3.467–21.160; p < 0.001) than those with normal coagulation. Conclusions: The effects of acute hepatic injury on prognosis are likely to be modulated by early coagulation disorder in AMI patients.