Can Sustainability and Biodiversity Conservation Save Native Goat Breeds? The Situation in Campania Region (Southern Italy) between History and Regional Policy Interventions

Author:

Cerrato Michele1,Pergola Maria1ORCID,Ruggiero Gianni2

Affiliation:

1. Degree Course of Agriculture, DIFARMA, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy

2. Regione Campania-Direzione Generale per le Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, UOD 20 Valorizzazione Tutela e Tracciabilità del Prodotto Agricolo, Servizio Sviluppo Produzioni Animali, Centro Direzionale Isola A/6, 80132 Napoli, Italy

Abstract

The Campania region has a genetic heritage, both vegetal and animal, of great scientific interest, but many genetic resources risk extinction or abandonment. Thus, from a sustainability perspective, their conservation is very important and represents an imperative to allow future generations to satisfy their needs just as we are doing today. The aims of the present paper were to describe the current consistency and importance of goat farming in Italy and in the Campania region and to study its trend from 1861 to understand whether the policies for the sector implemented over time have been sufficient to conserve goat biodiversity. To these ends, the latest available data of the national livestock register of the Italian Ministry of Health, those of the different available Italian agricultural censuses, and historical–cultural documents published over time for the livestock sector were acquired and consulted to describe the goat sector and reconstruct its temporal trend. The results showed that in Italy there are just over 1,000,000 goats (the same consistency as 60 years ago), 50% of which are distributed in the southern regions, and 50,616 farms with goats, 43% of which are extensive. In this contest, the Campania region represents approximately 5% of the national goat population. The continuous decrease in the size of the national and regional goat heritage since the 1920s is the result of the agricultural policy instruments implemented for the livestock sector over time, which have effectively excluded the goat sector. Two small increases in the number of caprines were registered: the first in 1980s, when the Italian scientific community realized that the native goat genetic types, its milk and its organoleptic and dietary qualities could constitute a wealth of endogenous resources that needed to be valorized; the second, in the last decade, due to the actions of sustainability and biodiversity conservation implemented at the national and regional level. At the same time, today the goat sector continues to have a marginal role in the national and regional agricultural economy, and the survival of native goat farming is essentially ensured by sustainable rural communities conceived as the custodians of biodiversity.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference67 articles.

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3. (2024, January 30). Regolamento Regionale 3 July 2012, n. 6-Regolamento di Attuazione Dell’articolo n. 33 Della Legge Regionale 19 Gennaio 2007, n. 1 (Disposizioni per la Formazione del Bilancio Annuale e Pluriennale Della Regione Campania-Legge Finanziaria Regionale 2007), per la Salvaguardia Delle Risorse Genetiche Agrarie a Rischio di Estinzione. Available online: https://www.regione.campania.it/normativa/item.php?pgCode=G19I238R118&id_doc_type=3&id_tema=1.

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