Affiliation:
1. Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
2. Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections caused by multi-drug-resistant pathogens are increasing globally, and current antimicrobial options have limited efficacy against these robust species. The WHO details the critically important bacterial and fungal species that are often associated with medical device HAIs. The effective sterilization of medical devices plays a key role in preventing infectious disease morbidity and mortality. A lack of adherence to protocol and limitations associated with each sterilization modality, however, allows for the incidence of disease. Furthermore, issues relating to carcinogenic emissions from ethylene oxide gas (EtO) have motivated the EPA to propose limiting EtO use or seeking alternative sterilization methods for medical devices. The Food and Drug Administration supports the sterilization of healthcare products using low-temperature VH2O2 as an alternative to EtO. With advances in biomaterial and medical devices and the increasing use of combination products, current sterilization modalities are becoming limited. Novel approaches to disinfection and sterilization of medical devices, biomaterials, and therapeutics are warranted to safeguard public health. Bacteriophages, endolysins, and antimicrobial peptides are considered promising options for the prophylactic and meta-phylactic control of infectious diseases. This timely review discusses the application of these biologics as antimicrobial agents against critically important WHO pathogens, including ESKAPE bacterial species.
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis
Reference115 articles.
1. Monegro, A.F., Muppidi, V., and Regunath, H. (2023, November 18). Hospital-Acquired Infections, StatPearls, Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441857/.
2. Proportion of Surgical Site Infections Occurring after Hospital Discharge: A Systematic Review;Woelber;Surg. Infect.,2016
3. Device-Associated Healthcare-Associated Infections (DA-HAI) and the caveat of multiresistance in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit;Khan;Med. J. Armed Forces India,2017
4. WHO (2023, November 09). Report on the Burden of Endemic Health Care-Associated Infection Worldwide. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/80135/9789241501507_eng.pdf;jsessionid=86B33E75BBE594E6C2CBD998F1C88CA5?sequence=1.
5. Meade, E., Savage, M., and Garvey, M. (2021). Effective Antimicrobial Solutions for Eradicating Multi-Resistant and β-Lactamase-Producing Nosocomial Gram-Negative Pathogens. Antibiotics, 10.