A New Understanding of Long Non-Coding RNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma—From m6A Modification to Blood Biomarkers

Author:

Eun Jung Woo1ORCID,Cheong Jae Youn1ORCID,Jeong Jee-Yeong23ORCID,Kim Hyung Seok2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea

2. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea

3. Institute for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea

Abstract

With recent advancements in biological research, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with lengths exceeding 200 nucleotides have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression and cellular phenotypic modulation. Despite initial skepticism due to their low sequence conservation and expression levels, their significance in various biological processes has become increasingly apparent. We provided an overview of lncRNAs and discussed their defining features and modes of operation. We then explored their crucial function in the hepatocarcinogenesis process, elucidating their complex involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The influential role of lncRNAs within the HCC tumor microenvironment is emphasized, illustrating their potential as key modulators of disease dynamics. We also investigated the significant influence of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on lncRNA function in HCC, enhancing our understanding of both their roles and their upstream regulators. Additionally, the potential of lncRNAs as promising biomarkers was discussed in liver cancer diagnosis, suggesting a novel avenue for future research and clinical application. Finally, our work underscored the dual potential of lncRNAs as both contributors to HCC pathogenesis and innovative tools for its diagnosis. Existing challenges and prospective trajectories in lncRNA research are also discussed, emphasizing their potential in advancing liver cancer research.

Funder

Ministry of Health and Welfare

Ministry of Science and ICT

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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