Alginate-Based Patch for Middle Ear Delivery of Probiotics: A Preliminary Study Using Electrospray and Electrospinning

Author:

Cecchini Beatrice1,Rovelli Roberta1,Zavagna Lorenzo2,Azimi Bahareh13,Macchi Teresa3,Kaya Esingül3,Esin Semih3ORCID,Bruschini Luca4ORCID,Milazzo Mario1ORCID,Batoni Giovanna3ORCID,Danti Serena1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy

2. PEGASO Doctoral School of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy

3. Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy

4. Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing challenge in respiratory tract diseases like otitis media, often necessitating surgical interventions due to pharmacological treatment limitations. Bacteriotherapy, involving probiotics and/or their bioproducts, emerges as a promising alternative in such a scenario. This study aims to pave the way to middle ear bacteriotherapy by developing an innovative sodium alginate (SA)-based probiotic delivery system using electrospinning and electrospray techniques. Electrospray enabled the precise production of probiotic-laden SA microparticles, demonstrating potential for targeted bacterial delivery. By overcoming challenges due to the SA molecular structure, we successfully electrospun SA-based fiber meshes with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a support polymer. The rheologic behavior of the probiotic/SA solutions and the morphology of the obtained microparticles and fibers was evaluated, along with the diameter variation over time. The cytocompatibility of the produced microparticles and fibers was assessed using human dermal keratinocytes and their antimicrobial activity was tested against E. coli. The incorporation of probiotic-laden SA microparticles within electrospun SA/PEO fiber meshes finally offered a patch-like structure to be applied on the tympanic membrane or on the outer auditory canal, which could be a versatile and ideally safe treatment strategy in chronic otitis media. This innovative approach holds promise for clinical applications dealing with inflammatory processes, infections and dysbiosis, thus possibly addressing the complex healing process of chronic upper respiratory diseases while mitigating antimicrobial resistance.

Funder

Italian Ministry of University and Research

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science

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