Rapid Monitoring of Scale Precipitation and Inhibition in Geothermal Fluid Using Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance

Author:

Hosoki Ai12,Sugiura Kifuyu1,Okazaki Takuya3ORCID,Yang Heejun1,Kuramitz Hideki1ORCID,Ueda Akira1ORCID,Terai Amane4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan

2. Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan

3. Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan

4. Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security (JOGMEC), 2-10-1 Toranomon, Tokyo 150-0001, Japan

Abstract

An optical fiber scale sensor based on the detection principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was developed for the rapid, high-sensitivity, real-time evaluation of scale precipitation in geothermal fluids. The optical fiber SPR scale sensor was fabricated by depositing a gold thin film onto the surface of an optical fiber with an exposed core. The optimal gold film thickness of the sensor was determined to be 30 nm, which achieved a refractive index sensitivity of 2140 nm per refractive index unit. A field test was conducted using geothermal brine from the Obama Binary Geothermal Power Plant in Unzen, Nagasaki Prefecture. A conventional optical fiber scale sensor and the SPR sensor were simultaneously assessed using raw and pH-adjusted brines. For the SPR sensor, a peak shift of 0.27 nm/min was observed at a response time of 1 min, whereas no change in transmittance was observed for the conventional sensor until 180 min. After the experiments, a scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis was conducted on the sensors, and the findings showed that the deposition of Mg-SiO2 scale did not significantly differ between the two sensors. The developed SPR sensor achieved faster scale precipitation detection (tens of minutes to hours) than the conventional sensor.

Funder

JOGMEC

Publisher

MDPI AG

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