Digitalization of Analysis of a Concrete Block Layer Using Machine Learning as a Sustainable Approach

Author:

Narimani Parviz1ORCID,Abyaneh Mohsen Dehghanpour2ORCID,Golabchi Marzieh3ORCID,Golchin Babak4,Haque Rezwanul5ORCID,Jamshidi Ali5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 7787131587, Iran

2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politechnico Di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy

3. Department of Energy (DENERG), Politechnico Di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy

4. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran

5. School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia

Abstract

The concrete block pavement (CBP) system has a surface layer consisting of concrete block pavers and joint sand over a bedding sand layer. The non-homogeneous nature of the surface course of CBP, along with different laying patterns and shapes of block pavers, makes the analysis of CBP cumbersome. In this study, the surface course of CBP was modeled based on the slab action of the block pavers and joint sand, which are connected together in full contact. Four different laying patterns, including herringbone, stretcher, parquet, and square, were modeled using a finite element model. The elastic moduli of the block pavers varied from 2500 MPa to 45,000 MPa, with thicknesses ranging from 60 mm to 120 mm. As a result, modeling of CBP based on slab action can be considered a realistic strategy. In addition, a dataset was created based on quantitative inputs, e.g., elastic modulus and thickness of the block pavers, and qualitative input, i.e., block laying patterns. The approaches of machine learning adopted were support vector regression, Gaussian process regression, single-layer and deep artificial neural networks, and least squares boosting to implement prediction approach based on input and output. The analyses of statistical accuracy of all five machine learning methods showed high accuracy; however, the Gaussian process and deep artificial neural network methods resulted in the most accurate outputs and are recommended for further studies. Based on the machine learning models, digitalization is achieved through the development of simple, user-friendly software for electronic devices in order to perform a preliminary analysis of different laying patterns of CBP. Such a platform may result in less laboratory work and boosts the level of sustainability in concrete block pavement technology.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference83 articles.

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3. Knapton, J., and Smith, D.R. (1998, January 10–13). The North American Port Pavement Design Manual. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Concrete Block Paving, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.

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