The Association of Toxoplasma gondii with the Combination of Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, or Chronic Liver Disease: A Preliminary Study-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The Association of Toxoplasma gondii with the Combination of Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, or Chronic Liver Disease: A Preliminary Study

Published:2023-10-03 Issue:4 Volume:11 Page:65
ISSN:2076-3271
Container-title:Medical Sciences
language:en
Short-container-title:Medical Sciences

Author:

Babekir Amani¹²,Mostafa Sayed³^ORCID,Obeng-Gyasi Emmanuel¹²^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA

2. Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA

3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite widespread worldwide, with over 40 million individuals in the United States. It may infect vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, and liver, resulting in chronic infections. The main objective of this study is to investigate the association of Toxoplasma infection with the combination of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), or chronic liver disease (CLD). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2009–2010) data were used, and the association of infection with chronic disease was assessed with biomarkers and indexes using statistical modeling. The percentage of participants with a combination of CLD and CKD was higher among Toxoplasma positive participants compared to the negative participants (2.76 vs. 1.26). Furthermore, exposure to T. gondii may increase the odds of cardiovascular disease, CKD, or CLD, or vice versa.

Funder

the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/11/4/65/pdf

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