Current Options and Future Perspectives on Bone Graft and Biomaterials Substitutes for Bone Repair, from Clinical Needs to Advanced Biomaterials Research

Author:

Georgeanu Vlad Al.1ORCID,Gingu Oana2,Antoniac Iulian V.3ORCID,Manolea Horia O.4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eroilor Sanitari No. 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania

2. Department of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200512 Craiova, Romania

3. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania

4. Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania

Abstract

The ideal biomaterials substitute for bone repair should possess the following characteristics: provide osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties; stimulate the neo-angiogenesis process; absence of antigenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic reactions; avoid the systemic toxicity complications; assure satisfactory support and stability from mechanical properties point of view; hydrophilic nature of the surface properties and good interface with human bone; good handling in clinical condition and ability to be easy sterilized; and able to be supplied in sufficient quantities with reduced costs. Despite years of effort, the perfect bone reconstruction material has not yet been developed; further effort is required to make this objective feasible. The aim of this article is to provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of the grafting materials that can be applied for the treatment of bone defects by the clinicians from orthopedics surgery, neurosurgery and dentistry, discussing their properties, advantages and disadvantages, and illuminating present and future perspectives in the field of bone graft and biomaterials substitutes for bone repair, from clinical needs to advanced biomaterials research.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science

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