The Enzyme 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Inhibits a Shift to the Mesenchymal Pattern of Trophoblasts and Decidual Stromal Cells Accompanied by Prostaglandin Transporter in Preeclampsia

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication beginning after 20 weeks of pregnancy that involves high blood pressure (systolic > 140 mmHg or diastolic > 90 mmHg), with or without proteinuria. Insufficient trophoblast invasion and abnormal decidualization are involved in PE development. However, whether unhealthy placenta and decidua have the same biological activities is unclear. The enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH; encoded by HPGD) degrades prostaglandin, and prostaglandin transporter (PGT), as a candidate molecule of prostaglandin carriers, helps transport prostaglandin into cells. Whether 15-PGDH and PGT are involved in PE has not been researched. In this study, we investigated the shared pathogenesis of foetal placenta and maternal decidua from the perspective of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)/mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) and explored the combined effects of 15-PGDH and PGT on the EMT/MET of trophoblasts and decidual stromal cells (DSCs). Here, we demonstrated that placental development and decidualization both involved EMT/MET. In PE, both trophoblasts and DSCs show more epithelial patterns. Moreover, 15-PGDH expression was downregulated in the placentas but upregulated in the deciduas of PE patients. Inhibiting 15-PGDH promotes a shift to a mesenchymal pattern of trophoblasts and DSCs depending on the PGT-mediated transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In conclusion, our results showed that inhibiting 15-PGDH promotes a shift to the mesenchymal pattern of trophoblasts and DSCs and may provide a new and alternative therapy for the treatment of PE.