Early-Stage Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and a Positive Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Description of a Prognostic Correlation between Pre-Treatment Inflammatory Biomarkers, the Depth of Invasion and the Worst Pattern of Invasion

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between pre-treatment inflammatory biomarkers and the post-operative depth of invasion (DOI) and worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) in early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) by means of positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). A retrospective analysis of patients affected by cN0 T1-T2 OTSCC who had undergone an SLNB at the National Cancer Institute of Naples was performed. The patients were studied using an evaluation of the pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and a histopathological analysis of the DOI and WPOI. The statistical analysis showed that among the prognostic biomarkers, the NLR was a significant predictor of high WPOI values (p = 0.002). The cut-off NLR value was 2.52 with a probability of developing a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) of 30.3%. In contrast, the DOI value was 5.20 with a probability of developing a positive SLNB of 31.82%. Regarding the WPOI, increasing the WPOI class increased the likelihood of a positive SLNB occurrence, and a positive significant correlation was found between the WPOI and SLNB (Csp = 0.342; p < 0.001). Pre-treatment NLR, together with post-surgical DOI and WPOI, can be a reliable predictor of occult neck metastasis in patients affected by early-stage OTSCC with a clinically negative neck. Further prospective studies with a larger series will be needed to confirm the results obtained and to better define the NLR, WPOI and DOI cut-off values in order for elective neck dissection to be recommended in relation to a clinically negative neck.