Synthesis of ZnAl2O4 and Evaluation of the Response in Propane Atmospheres of Pellets and Thick Films Manufactured with Powders of the Oxide

Abstract

ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized employing a colloidal method. The oxide powders were obtained at 300 °C, and their crystalline phase was corroborated by X-ray diffraction. The composition and chemical structure of the ZnAl2O4 was carried out by X-ray and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, confirming that the ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles had a direct transition with bandgap energy of 3.2 eV. The oxide’s microstructures were microbars of ~18.2 nm in size (on average), as analyzed by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies. Dynamic and stationary gas detection tests were performed in controlled propane atmospheres, obtaining variations concerning the concentration of the test gas and the operating temperature. The optimum temperatures for detecting propane concentrations were 200 and 300 °C. In the static test results, the ZnAl2O4 showed increases in propane response since changes in the material’s electrical conductance were recorded (conductance = 1/electrical resistance, Ω). The increases were ~2.8 at 200 °C and ~7.8 at 300 °C. The yield shown by the ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles for detecting propane concentrations was optimal compared to other similar oxides categorized as potential gas sensors.