Quantitative Associations between Season, Month, and Temperature-Humidity Index with Milk Yield, Composition, Somatic Cell Counts, and Microbial Load: A Comprehensive Study across Ten Dairy Farms over an Annual Cycle
Author:
Bokharaeian Mostafa1ORCID, Toghdory Abdolhakim1ORCID, Ghoorchi Taghi1ORCID, Ghassemi Nejad Jalil2ORCID, Esfahani Iman Janghorban3ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran 2. Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea 3. Glopex Co., Ltd., R&D Center, GeumGang Penterium IX Tower A2801, Dongtancheomdansaneop 1-ro 27, Hwaseong-si 18469, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
Abstract
This current study addresses the knowledge gap regarding the influence of seasons, months, and THI on milk yield, composition, somatic cell counts (SCC), and total bacterial counts (TBC) of dairy farms in northeastern regions of Iran. For this purpose, ten dairy herds were randomly chosen, and daily milk production records were obtained. Milk samples were systematically collected from individual herds upon delivery to the dairy processing facility for subsequent analysis, including fat, protein, solids-not-fat (SNF), pH, SCC, and TBC. The effects of seasons, months, and THI on milk yield, composition, SCC, and TBC were assessed using an analysis of variance. To account for these effects, a mixed-effects model was utilized with a restricted maximum likelihood approach, treating month and THI as fixed factors. Our investigation revealed noteworthy correlations between key milk parameters and seasonal, monthly, and THI variations. Winter showed the highest milk yield, fat, protein, SNF, and pH (p < 0.01), whereas both SCC and TBC reached their lowest values in winter (p < 0.01). The highest values for milk yield, fat, and pH were recorded in January (p < 0.01), while the highest protein and SNF levels were observed in March (p < 0.01). December marked the lowest SCC and TBC values (p < 0.01). Across the THI spectrum, spanning from −3.6 to 37.7, distinct trends were evident. Quadratic regression models accounted for 34.59%, 21.33%, 4.78%, 20.22%, 1.34%, 15.42%, and 13.16% of the variance in milk yield, fat, protein, SNF, pH, SCC, and TBC, respectively. In conclusion, our findings underscore the significant impact of THI on milk production, composition, SCC, and TBC, offering valuable insights for dairy management strategies. In the face of persistent challenges posed by climate change, these results provide crucial guidance for enhancing production efficiency and upholding milk quality standards.
Subject
General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology
Reference52 articles.
1. Muehlhoff, E., and Bennett, A. (2013). Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition, FAO. 2. Analysing the interaction between the dairy sector and climate change from a life cycle perspective: A review;Hospido;Trends Food Sci. Technol.,2022 3. Environmental parameters to assessing of heat stress in dairy cattle-a review;Herbut;Int. J. Biometeorol.,2018 4. Temperature-Humidity Indices as Indicators of Milk Production Losses due to Heat Stress;Bohmanova;J. Dairy Sci.,2007 5. Shi, R., Brito, L.F., Liu, A., Luo, H., Chen, Z., Liu, L., Guo, G., Mulder, H., Ducro, B., and van der Linden, A. (2021). Genotype-by-environment interaction in Holstein heifer fertility traits using single-step genomic reaction norm models. BMC Genom., 22.
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|