Dietary Zinc-Loaded Montmorillonite Supplementation Improves Growth Performance, Diarrhea, Intestinal Barrier Function and Regulating Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate whether low-dose zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Zn-MMT) could be used as a potential alternative for high-dose conventional ZnO in preventing diarrhea in weaned piglets. In total, 180 piglets were randomly divided to receive either of the three treatments, with six replicates per treatment and 10 piglets per replicate. The treatments were the control group (CT), the Zn-MMT group (ZM), and the ZnO group (ZO). Compared with the CT group, the ZM and ZO groups exhibited increased ADG at 14–28 days and during the whole period (p < 0.05), and a significantly decreased diarrhea rate during the whole period (p < 0.01). The activities of T-AOC and SOD were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas the MDA level decreased (p < 0.05) in the serum and colonic mucosa of Zn-MMT- and ZnO-fed piglets. Dietary supplementation with Zn-MMT and ZnO decreased the contents of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, DAO, and LPS in the serum and colonic mucosa (p < 0.01), and increased the IL-10 level (p < 0.01). The relative mRNA expressions of TLR-4, claudin 2, Pbd1, and MUC2 were elevated in the colonic mucosa of the Zn-MMT and ZnO groups (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that the abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the ileum and the populations of Ruminnococcus and Faecalibacterium in the cecum were higher in the CT group than in the other two groups. Collectively, dietary addition of Zn from Zn-MMT was comparable to Zn from ZnO for increasing growth performance, alleviating diarrhea, as well as improving mucosal barrier integrity, and regulating the gut microbiota of weaned piglets.