Open and Closed Triple Inhaler Therapy in Patients with Uncontrolled Asthma

Author:

Kotoulas Serafeim-Chrysovalantis1ORCID,Tsiouprou Ioanna2ORCID,Domvri Kalliopi3ORCID,Dontsi Polyxeni4,Pataka Athanasia5ORCID,Porpodis Konstantinos2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. ICU, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Hippokration”, 49th Kostantinoupoleos Street, 57642 Thessaloniki, Greece

2. Pulmonary Clinic of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Georgios Papanikolaou”, Leoforos Papanikolaou, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece

3. Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leoforos Agiou Dimitriou, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

4. 2nd University Department of Respiratory Medicine, Attikon Hospital, 1st Rimini Street, Haidari,12462 Athens, Greece

5. Respiratory Failure Clinic of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Georgios Papanikolaou”, Leoforos Papanikolaou, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece

Abstract

Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are a class of inhalers that has recently been included as add-on therapy in the GINA guidelines, either in a single inhaler device with inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β2-agonists (ICS + LABA) (closed triple inhaler therapy) or in a separate one (open triple inhaler therapy). This review summarizes the existing evidence on the addition of LAMAs in patients with persistently uncontrolled asthma despite ICS + LABA treatment based on clinical efficacy in the reduction of asthma symptoms and exacerbations, the improvement in lung function, and its safety profile.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

Reference52 articles.

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3. Global Initiative for Asthma (2023, May 10). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Available online: www.ginasthma.org.

4. Persistence, adherence, and effectiveness of combination therapy among adult patients with asthma;Marceau;J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.,2006

5. The prevalence of severe refractory asthma;Hekking;J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.,2015

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