Autologous Platelet and Extracellular Vesicle-Rich Plasma as Therapeutic Fluid: A Review

Author:

Troha Kaja1,Vozel Domen12ORCID,Arko Matevž3ORCID,Bedina Zavec Apolonija4,Dolinar Drago56,Hočevar Matej7,Jan Zala3,Kisovec Matic4ORCID,Kocjančič Boštjan5,Pađen Ljubiša3ORCID,Pajnič Manca3,Penič Samo8ORCID,Romolo Anna38,Repar Neža9,Spasovski Vesna310,Steiner Nejc1ORCID,Šuštar Vid3,Iglič Aleš811ORCID,Drobne Damjana9ORCID,Kogej Ksenija12ORCID,Battelino Saba12ORCID,Kralj-Iglič Veronika3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

2. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

3. University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

4. Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubjana, Slovenia

5. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Zaloška 9, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

6. MD-RI Institute for Materials Research in Medicine, Bohoričeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

7. Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

8. University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

9. University of Ljubljana, Research Group for Nanobiology and Nanotoxicology, Biotechnical Faculty, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

10. Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

11. University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

12. University of Ljubljana, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Abstract

The preparation of autologous platelet and extracellular vesicle-rich plasma (PVRP) has been explored in many medical fields with the aim to benefit from its healing potential. In parallel, efforts are being invested to understand the function and dynamics of PVRP that is complex in its composition and interactions. Some clinical evidence reveals beneficial effects of PVRP, while some report that there were no effects. To optimize the preparation methods, functions and mechanisms of PVRP, its constituents should be better understood. With the intention to promote further studies of autologous therapeutic PVRP, we performed a review on some topics regarding PVRP composition, harvesting, assessment and preservation, and also on clinical experience following PVRP application in humans and animals. Besides the acknowledged actions of platelets, leukocytes and different molecules, we focus on extracellular vesicles that were found abundant in PVRP.

Funder

Slovenian Research Agency

National Research, Development and Innovation Office

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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