Pharmacometabolomics for the Study of Lipid-Lowering Therapies: Opportunities and Challenges

Author:

Gianazza Erica1ORCID,Brioschi Maura1,Iezzi Ada12,Paglia Giuseppe3ORCID,Banfi Cristina1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Monzino Cardiologic Center, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy

2. Division of Pharmacy, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy

3. School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy

Abstract

Lipid-lowering therapies are widely used to prevent the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and related mortality worldwide. “Omics” technologies have been successfully applied in recent decades to investigate the mechanisms of action of these drugs, their pleiotropic effects, and their side effects, aiming to identify novel targets for future personalized medicine with an improvement of the efficacy and safety associated with the treatment. Pharmacometabolomics is a branch of metabolomics that is focused on the study of drug effects on metabolic pathways that are implicated in the variation of response to the treatment considering also the influences from a specific disease, environment, and concomitant pharmacological therapies. In this review, we summarized the most significant metabolomic studies on the effects of lipid-lowering therapies, including the most commonly used statins and fibrates to novel drugs or nutraceutical approaches. The integration of pharmacometabolomics data with the information obtained from the other “omics” approaches could help in the comprehension of the biological mechanisms underlying the use of lipid-lowering drugs in view of defining a precision medicine to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects associated with the treatment.

Funder

Italian Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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