Affiliation:
1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
2. F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for Research on Bone Disease, Via San Gallo 123, 50129 Florence, Italy
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by the alteration of bone homeostasis due to an imbalance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Estrogen deficiency causes bone loss and postmenopausal osteoporosis, the pathogenesis of which also involves oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and the dysregulation of the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) that control gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Oxidative stress, due to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory mediators and altered levels of miRNAs enhance osteoclastogenesis and reduce osteoblastogenesis through mechanisms involving the activation of MAPK and transcription factors. The present review summarizes the principal molecular mechanisms involved in the role of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines on osteoporosis. Moreover, it highlights the interplay among altered miRNA levels, oxidative stress, and an inflammatory state. In fact, ROS, by activating the transcriptional factors, can affect miRNA expression, and miRNAs can regulate ROS production and inflammatory processes. Therefore, the present review should help in identifying targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches to osteoporotic treatment and improve the quality of life of patients.
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis
Cited by
22 articles.
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