Affiliation:
1. Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering & Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
2. Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
Abstract
The powder-mixed electro-discharge machining (PM-EDM) technique has shown its advantages in forming surfaces and depositing elements on the machined surface. Moreover, using hydroxyapatite (HA) powder in PM-EDM enhances the biocompatibility of the implant’s surfaces. Ti-6Al-4V alloy has tremendous advantages in biocompatibility over other metallic biomaterials in bone replacement surgeries. However, the increasing demand for orthopedical implants is leading to a more significant number of implant surgeries, increasing the number of patients with failed implants. A significant portion of implant failures are due to bacterial inflammation. Despite that, there is a lack of current research investigating the antibacterial properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloys. This paper focuses on studying the performance of HA PMEDM on Ti-6Al-4V alloy and its effects on antibacterial properties. By changing the capacitance (1 nF, 10 nF and 100 nF), gap voltage (90 V, 100 V and 110 V) and HA powder concentration (0 g/L, 5 g/L and 10 g/L), machining performance metrics such as material removal rate (MRR), overcut, crater size and hardness were examined through the HA PM micro-EDM (PM-μ-EDM) technique. Furthermore, the surface roughness, contact angle, and antibacterial properties of HA PM micro-wire EDM (PM-μ-WEDM)-treated surfaces were evaluated. The antibacterial tests were conducted for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The key results showed a correlation between the discharge energy and powder concentration with the antibacterial properties of the modified surfaces. The modified surfaces exhibited reduced biofilm formation under low discharge energy and a 0 g/L powder concentration, resulting in a 0.273 μm roughness. This pattern persisted with high discharge energy and a 10 g/L powder concentration, where the roughness measured 1.832 μm. Therefore, it is possible to optimize the antibacterial properties of the surface through its roughness.
Subject
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials
Reference45 articles.
1. Prosthetic Joint Infections: Bane of Orthopedists, Challenge for Infectious Disease Specialists;Lentino;Clin. Infect. Dis.,2003
2. Silver-integrated EDM processing of TiAl6V4 implant material has antibacterial capacity while optimizing osseointegration;Meinshausen;Bioact. Mater.,2024
3. Antibacterial Surface Treatment for Orthopaedic Implants;Gallo;Int. J. Mol. Sci.,2014
4. Nauryz, N., Omarov, S., Talamona, D., and Perveen, A. (2023, January 5–8). Performance of Powder mixed Drilling EDM on Biomedical Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterization (ICMPC 2023), Newcastle, UK.
5. Guimond-Lischer, S., Ren, Q., Braissant, O., Gruner, P., Wampfler, B., and Maniura-Weber, K. (2016). Vacuum plasma sprayed coatings using ionic silver doped hydroxyapatite powder to prevent bacterial infection of bone implants. Biointerphases, 11.