Abstract
Adult grey horses have a high incidence of melanocytic tumors. This article narratively reviews the role of some genetic features related to melanoma formation in horses, such as STX17 mutation, ASIP or MITF alterations, and the link between the graying process and the development of these tumors. A clear system of clinical and pathological classification of melanocytic tumors in naevus, dermal melanoma, dermal melanomatosis and anaplastic malignant melanoma is provided. Clinical and laboratorial methods of diagnosing are listed, with fine needle aspiration and histopathology being the most relevant. Relevance is given to immunohistochemistry, describing potentially important diagnostic biomarkers such as RACK1 and PNL2. Different therapeutical options available for equine practitioners are mentioned, with surgery, chemotherapy and electroporation being the most common. This article also elucidatesnew fields of research, perspectives, and new therapeutic targets, such as CD47, PD-1 and COX-2 biomarkers.
Funder
Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
Subject
General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology
Reference105 articles.
1. A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms;Smith;Vet. Pathol.,2002
2. Knottenbelt, D.C., Patterson-Kane, J.C., and Snalune, K.L. (2015). Clinical Equine Oncology, Elsevier.
3. Equine Melanocytic Tumors: A Retrospective Study of 53 Horses (1988 to 1991);Valentine;J. Vet. Intern. Med.,1995
4. Metastatic Melanoma Causing Spinal Cord Compression in a Horse;Forga;Vet. Rec.,1998
5. Dermatologic Tumours;Johnson;Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine Pract.,1998
Cited by
3 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献