Why Does the Antioxidant Complex Twendee X® Prevent Dementia?
-
Published:2023-08-21
Issue:16
Volume:24
Page:13018
-
ISSN:1422-0067
-
Container-title:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:IJMS
Author:
You Fukka12, Harakawa Yoshiaki1, Yoshikawa Toshikazu34, Inufusa Haruhiko12
Affiliation:
1. Division of Anti-Oxidant Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Yanagito 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan 2. Anti-Oxidant Research Laboratory, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Tanakamonzen-cho 103-5, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan 3. Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Tanakamonzen-cho 103-5, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan 4. School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive and short-term memory impairments. The disease involves multiple pathological factors such as amyloid plaque formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and telomere shortening; however, oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus are significant risk factors. The onset of AD begins approximately 20 years before clinical symptoms manifest; therefore, treating AD after symptoms become evident is possibly too late to have a significant effect. As such, preventing AD or using an effective treatment at an early stage is important. Twendee X® (TwX) is an antioxidant formulation consisting of eight ingredients. TwX has been proven to prevent the progression to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective intervention trial. As well, positive data has already been obtained in several studies using AD model mice. Since both diabetes and aging are risk factors for AD, we examined the mechanisms behind the effects of TwX on AD using the spontaneous hyperglycemia model and the senescence model of aged C57BL/6 mice in this study. TwX was administered daily, and its effects on diabetes, autophagy in the brain, neurogenesis, and telomere length were examined. We observed that TwX protected the mitochondria from oxidative stress better than a single antioxidant. TwX not only lowered blood glucose levels but also suppressed brain neurogenesis and autophagy. Telomeres in TWX-treated mice were significantly longer than those in non-treated mice. There are many factors that can be implicated in the development and progression of dementia; however, multiple studies on TwX suggest that it may offer protection against dementia, not only through the effects of its antioxidants but also by targeting multiple mechanisms involved in its development and progression, such as diabetes, brain neurogenesis, telomere deficiency, and energy production.
Funder
TIMA Establishment
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis
Reference64 articles.
1. Dominguez, L.J., Veronese, N., Vernuccio, L., Catanese, G., Inzerillo, F., Salemi, G., and Barbagallo, M. (2021). Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Nutrients, 13. 2. Reddy, P.H., and Oliver, D.M. (2019). Amyloid Beta and Phosphorylated Tau-Induced Defective Autophagy and Mitophagy in Alzheimer’s Disease. Cells, 8. 3. Alzheimer’s disease: Genes, proteins, and therapy;Selkoe;Physiol. Rev.,2001 4. Protective Effects of Indian Spice Curcumin Against Amyloid Beta in Alzheimer’s Disease;Reddy;J. Alzheimers Dis.,2018 5. Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism, and Alzheimer disease;Butterfield;Nat. Rev. Neurosci.,2019
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|