Factors Associated with the Evolution of Superficial Vein Thrombosis and Its Impact on the Quality of Life: Results from a Prospective, Unicentric Study
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Published:2024-01-02
Issue:1
Volume:3
Page:1-10
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ISSN:2813-2475
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Container-title:Journal of Vascular Diseases
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language:en
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Short-container-title:JVD
Author:
Ros Gómez Blanca1, Gómez-López Javier2, Quintana-Díaz Manuel3ORCID, Calvo Sevilla Sheila Victoria2, Rodríguez-Fuertes Pablo2, Tejeda-Jurado Fabian2, Berrocal-Espinosa Paula2, Martínez-Ballester Juan Francisco2, Rodríguez-Roca Sonia2, Rivera Núñez María Angélica2, Martínez Virto Ana M.2, Martín-Vega Alberto4, Fernández-Capitán Carmen5, Salgueiro-Origlia Giorgina5, Marín-Baselga Raquel5, Hernández Alicia Lorenzo5ORCID, Bueso Teresa Sancho5, Puchades Rincón de Arellano Ramón5, Gutiérrez-Sancerni Belén5, Díez-Vidal Alejandro5, Carrasco-Molina Sergio5, Tung-Chen Yale5ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Ciudad Real, Obispo Rafael Torija s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo Castellana 241, 28046 Madrid, Spain 3. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo Castellana 241, 28046 Madrid, Spain 4. Department of Management Control, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo Castellana 241, 28046 Madrid, Spain 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo Castellana 241, 28046 Madrid, Spain
Abstract
Background: Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is a common clinical condition caused by inflammation and the presence of a thrombus inside a superficial vein. It has traditionally been considered a benign and banal disorder, although it can progress or can be associated with thromboembolic disease of deep territories in up to 20%, asymptomatic or symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE), especially if it affects the main trunk of the internal saphenous vein. The impact of deep vein thrombosis on the quality of life and its sequelae have long been described in the literature; however, they have not been studied in superficial vein thrombosis. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the risk factors, management, and complications of SVT and its impact on the quality of life of our patients. Methods: Observational, prospective, single-center study to evaluate the management of SVT. The ultrasound (US) was performed initially on symptomatic patients, during treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), at a follow-up, and at the end of 45 days of treatment. A quality-of-life questionnaire was administered to determine the risk factors, management, and complications of SVT at the moment of diagnosis and at the end of treatment. We included patients referred from the emergency department to a monographic consultation for thromboembolic disease, over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of acute SVT symptomatic, without contraindication to initiate anticoagulation. Results: In total, 63 patients were evaluated between October 2020 and April 2022. The mean age was 65.8 years (SD 13.5), of which 35 were women (55.6%), 39 presented cardiovascular risk factors (61.9%), 25 had a history of previous personal venous thromboembolism (VTE) (39.7%), and 10 had obesity (15.9%), 47 had chronic venous insufficiency or varicose veins (74.9%). During follow-up with ultrasound, 39.7% had partial revascularization, and at discharge, 63.5% had permeabilized the thrombosis against 19% who had residual thrombosis or progression of thrombosis. There was a positive correlation between mobility parameters and improvement in the performance of daily activities (rho = 0.35; p = 0.012) and with improvement in pain/discomfort (rho = 0.37; p = 0.007). An improvement in pain parameters was statistically significantly related to a global assessment health perception (rho = 0.48; p < 0.001). Anxiety and depression parameters were related to a global assessment health perception (rho = 0.462; p = 0.001) and to an overall improvement at 12 months (rho = 0.45; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is a highly prevalent disease, which is traditionally considered banal and has good evolution, with heterogeneous management in clinical practice and limited information on patient selection for therapies, current treatment routes, and drug use, as well as outcomes. In recent years, the importance of this entity has become evident due to its frequency in clinical practice, its risk of complications, and the impact it has on the quality of life. This study’s results emphasize the importance of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of superficial venous thrombosis.
Funder
Madrid-Castilla La Mancha Society of Internal Medicine
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