Structural Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 24-Methylcholesta-5(6), 22-Diene-3β-ol from the Cultured Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum; Attenuate Inflammatory Signaling Pathways

Author:

Samarakoon Kalpa W.12,Kuruppu Anchala I.1,Ko Ju-Young23,Lee Ji-Hyeok24,Jeon You-Jin2

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka

2. Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea

3. Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea

4. Lee Gill Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea

Abstract

In the present investigation, 24-methylcholesta-5(6), 22-diene-3β-ol (MCDO), a major phytosterol was isolated from the cultured marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects were determined. MCDO demonstrated very potent dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells with minimal cytotoxic effects. MCDO also demonstrated a strong and significant suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production, but no substantial inhibitory effects were observed on the production of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at the tested concentrations against LPS treatment on RAW macrophages. Western blot assay confirmed the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions against LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, MCDO was assessed for in vivo anti-inflammatory effects using the zebrafish model. MCDO acted as a potent inhibitor for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO levels with a protective effect against the oxidative stress induced by LPS in inflammatory zebrafish embryos. Collectively, MCDO isolated from the cultured marine diatom P. tricornutum exhibited profound anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this major sterol might be a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases.

Funder

Jeju National University

General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Drug Discovery,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous),Pharmaceutical Science

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