Genus Acanthella—A Wealthy Treasure: Secondary Metabolites, Synthesis, Biosynthesis, and Bioactivities

Author:

Ibrahim Sabrin R. M.12ORCID,Ghazawi Kholoud F.3,Miski Samar F.4,ALsiyud Duaa Fahad5,Mohamed Shaimaa G. A.6,Mohamed Gamal A.7ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Preparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia

2. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt

3. Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia

4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia

5. Department of Medical Laboratories-Hematology, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Corniche Road, Andalus, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia

6. Faculty of Dentistry, British University, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt

7. Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Marine sponges are multicellular and primitive animals that potentially represent a wealthy source of novel drugs. The genus Acanthella (family Axinellidae) is renowned to produce various metabolites with various structural characteristics and bioactivities, including nitrogen-containing terpenoids, alkaloids, and sterols. The current work provides an up-to-date literature survey and comprehensive insight into the reported metabolites from the members of this genus, as well as their sources, biosynthesis, syntheses, and biological activities whenever available. In the current work, 226 metabolites have been discussed based on published data from the period from 1974 to the beginning of 2023 with 90 references.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Drug Discovery,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous),Pharmaceutical Science

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