Expression Pattern of α-Tubulin, Inversin and Its Target Dishevelled-1 and Morphology of Primary Cilia in Normal Human Kidney Development and Diseases

Abstract

The spatiotemporal expression of α-tubulin, inversin and dishevelled-1 (DVL-1) proteins associated with the Wnt-signaling pathway, and primary cilia morphology were analyzed in developing kidneys (14th–38th developmental weeks), healthy postnatal (1.5- and 7-years old) and pathologically changed human kidneys, including multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF). The analysis was performed by double immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, semiquantitative and statistical methods. Cytoplasmic co-expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 was observed in the proximal convoluted tubules (pct), distal convoluted tubules (dct) and glomeruli (g) of analyzed tissues. During kidney development, the overall expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 decreased, while in the postnatal period slightly increased. The highest expressions of α-tubulin and inversin characterized dct and g, while high DVL-1 characterized pct. α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 expression pattern in MCDK, FSGS and CNF kidneys significantly differed from the healthy control. Compared to healthy kidneys, pathologically changed kidneys had dysmorphic primary cilia. Different expression dynamics of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 during kidney development could indicate that switch between the canonical and noncanonical Wnt-signaling is essential for normal kidney morphogenesis. In contrast, their disturbed expression in pathological kidneys might be associated with abnormal primary cilia, leading to chronic kidney diseases.