The Protective Effect of Broccoli Seed Extract against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Liver Injury via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Sulforaphane Production in Mice
Author:
Mao Bingyong12, Ren Baojing12, Wu Jiaying12, Tang Xin12, Zhang Qiuxiang12ORCID, Zhao Jianxin12, Zhang Le3ORCID, Chen Wei124, Cui Shumao12
Affiliation:
1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China 2. School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China 3. Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, China 4. National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Abstract
Broccoli seed extract (BSE) is rich in glucoraphanin (GRP), which may be transformed by intestinal microbes into sulforaphane (SFN), a compound with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Liver injury usually presents with inflammation and oxidative damage. Thus, dietary BSE supplementation may be an effective approach for alleviating liver injury. In this study, a mouse lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury model was used to evaluate the preventive effect of BSE and explore the relevant mechanisms. Compared with the LPS model group, the mice in the BSE group showed significantly lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and higher levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Meanwhile, BSE significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6 and TNF-α) in the liver and increased the level of anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10), indicating that BSE had a good preventive effect on acute liver injury. Additionally, after BSE intervention, the diversity of intestinal microbiota in the mice was higher than that in the LPS model group. The relative abundance of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus increased, while the relative abundance of Xylanophilum decreased. A correlation analysis revealed that the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and levels of IL-10 were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Furthermore, sulforaphane (SFN) and (Sulforaphane-N-Acetyl-Cysteine) SFN-NAC were detected in the urine of the mice after BSE intervention. Both q-PCR and an immunohistochemical analysis showed that BSE significantly regulated the expression level of the NF-κB (IκB-α, NF-κB) and Nrf2 (Nrf2, p-Nrf2 and HO-1) signaling pathways in the liver. In conclusion, BSE was shown to reduce LPS-induced acute liver injury through the conversion of glucoraphanin into sulforaphane and the regulation of the gut microbiota composition. These results suggest that BSE could be a promising ingredient in functional foods.
Funder
Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province National Natural Science Foundation of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province
Subject
Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science
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