Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Green Method for Enhanced Solubilization of Water-Soluble Curcuminoids Prepared Using Steviol Glycosides

Abstract

In this study, the optimization and modeling of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of water-soluble curcuminoids prepared using novel steviol glycosides (SGs) was carried out using four independent process variables at varying levels—X1: microwave power (50–200 W), X2: stevioside concentration (50–200 mg/mL), X3: curcumin concentration (20–200 mg/mL), and X4: time (1–10 min)—in response surface methodology configuration. Moreover, the effects of stevioside, as the most cost-effective natural solubilizer, were also evaluated. The water solubility of curcuminoids increased from 11 to 1320 mg/L with the addition of stevioside as a natural solubilizer. Moreover, microwave heating synergistically with stevioside addition significantly (p < 0.05) increased the solubility up to 5400 mg/L. Based on the results, the optimum conditions providing the maximum solubilization of 16,700 mg/L were 189 W microwave power, 195 g/L stevioside concentration, 183 g/L curcuminoid concentration, and 9 min of incubation time. Moreover, MAE of curcuminoids using SGs might render a significant advantage for its wide-scale application to solubilizing the multitude of insoluble functional flavonoids in fruits, plants, and food materials.