Evaluation of the Applicability of Synthetic Fuels and Their Life Cycle Analyses

Author:

Richter Sandra1ORCID,Braun-Unkhoff Marina1,Hasselwander Samuel2ORCID,Haas Sofia3

Affiliation:

1. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Combustion Technology, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

2. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Vehicle Concepts, Wankelstraße 5, 70563 Stuttgart, Germany

3. Forschungsstelle für Energiewirtschaft (FfE), Am Blütenanger 71, 80995 München, Germany

Abstract

This paper summarizes the findings of a detailed assessment of synthetic, electricity-based fuels for use in aviation, shipping, and road transport. The fuels considered correspond to the most promising alternatives that were analyzed as part of the German research project BEniVer (Begleitforschung Energiewende im Verkehr—Accompanying Research for the Energy Transition in Transport) initiated by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). Focusing on usage, infrastructure, and ecological analyses, several e-fuels were evaluated and compared to fossil fuels according to the specific sector. It turns out that for all sectors evaluated, the existing sustainable synthetic fuels are already compatible with current technology and regulations. In shipping and road transport, the use of advanced, sustainable fuels will allow for a more distinct reduction in emissions once technology and regulations are adopted. However, standard-compliant synthetic gasoline and diesel are considered the most promising fuels for use in road transport if the transition to electricity is not realized as quickly as planned. For the aviation sector, the number of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) is limited. Here, the current aim is the introduction of a 100% SAF as soon as possible to also tackle non-CO2 emissions.

Funder

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference62 articles.

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2. European Commission (2023, October 30). Stepping Up Europe’s 2030 Climate Ambition—Investing in a Climate-Neutral Future for the Benefit of Our People. Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0562&from=EN.

3. Umweltbundesamt (2023, October 31). Daten der Treibhausgasemissionen des Jahres 2022 nach KSG. (In German).

4. Umweltbundesamt (2023, October 31). Berechnung der Treibhausgasemissionsdaten für das Jahr 2021 gemäß Bundesklimaschutzgesetz. (In German).

5. European Parliament (2023, October 30). 70% of Jet Fuels at EU Airports Will Have to Be Green by 2050. Available online: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230911IPR04913/70-of-jet-fuels-at-eu-airports-will-have-to-be-green-by-2050.

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