Human Papilloma Virus Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Immune System: Pathogenesis, Immunotherapy and Future Perspectives

Author:

Khoo A.1,Boyer M.2ORCID,Jafri Z.3ORCID,Makeham T.14ORCID,Pham T.14ORCID,Khachigian L. M.3ORCID,Floros P.5ORCID,Dowling E.6,Fedder K.6,Shonka D.6ORCID,Garneau J.6,O’Meara C. H.146

Affiliation:

1. Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

2. Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia

3. Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

4. ANU School of Medicine & Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia

5. St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia

6. Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

Abstract

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), involves the palatine tonsils, soft palate, base of tongue, and uvula, with the ability to spread to adjacent subsites. Personalized treatment strategies for Human Papillomavirus-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (HPV+OPSCC) are yet to be established. In this article, we summarise our current understanding of the pathogenesis of HPV+OPSCC, the intrinsic role of the immune system, current ICI clinical trials, and the potential role of small molecule immunotherapy in HPV+OPSCC.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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