Genomic Signature in Evolutionary Biology: A Review

Author:

de la Fuente Rebeca1,Díaz-Villanueva Wladimiro1ORCID,Arnau Vicente1ORCID,Moya Andrés123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Integrative Systems Biology (I2Sysbio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain

2. Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain

3. CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), 28029 Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Organisms are unique physical entities in which information is stored and continuously processed. The digital nature of DNA sequences enables the construction of a dynamic information reservoir. However, the distinction between the hardware and software components in the information flow is crucial to identify the mechanisms generating specific genomic signatures. In this work, we perform a bibliometric analysis to identify the different purposes of looking for particular patterns in DNA sequences associated with a given phenotype. This study has enabled us to make a conceptual breakdown of the genomic signature and differentiate the leading applications. On the one hand, it refers to gene expression profiling associated with a biological function, which may be shared across taxa. This signature is the focus of study in precision medicine. On the other hand, it also refers to characteristic patterns in species-specific DNA sequences. This interpretation plays a key role in comparative genomics, identifying evolutionary relationships. Looking at the relevant studies in our bibliographic database, we highlight the main factors causing heterogeneities in genome composition and how they can be quantified. All these findings lead us to reformulate some questions relevant to evolutionary biology.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Reference150 articles.

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