The Use of FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Seasonal Variation Analysis and for the Quality Control of Polysaccharides from Seaweeds

Author:

Vandanjon Laurent1ORCID,Burlot Anne-Sophie1,Zamanileha Elando Fréda12,Douzenel Philippe3,Ravelonandro Pierre Hervé2,Bourgougnon Nathalie1ORCID,Bedoux Gilles1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Chemistry (LBCM), University Bretagne Sud (UBS), EMR CNRS 6076, IUEM, Campus Tohannic, 56000 Vannes, France

2. Research Unit in Process and Environmental Engineering (URGPGE), Faculty of Sciences, PEI, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar

3. SVT Department, Faculty of Sciences, UBS, Campus Tohannic, 56000 Vannes, France

Abstract

Macroalgae are a potentially novel source of nutrition and biologically active molecules. Proliferative species such as Eucheuma denticulatum, Solieria chordalis (red algae) and Sargassum muticum (brown alga) constitute a huge biomass that can be exploited. In this study, we focus on the extraction of polysaccharides from these three macroalgae species and the characterization of cell wall polysaccharides such as carrageenans, fucoidans and alginates by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy with Attenuated Reflectance Module (FTIR-ATR). The comparison of purified extracts with commercial solutions of fucoidans, alginates or carrageenans shows a strong similarity between the spectra. It demonstrates that the methods of extraction that have been used are also suitable purifying technics. Moreover, it validates infrared spectroscopy as a quick, simple and non-destructive method for the accurate analysis of polysaccharides. The FTIR technique applied to samples collected at different periods of the year allowed us to highlight differences in the composition of fucoidans, alginates and carrageenans. Different classes corresponding to the season can be distinguished by statistical multidimensionnal analysis (Principal Component Analysis) showing that the structure of algal polysaccharides, related to bioactivity, depends on the period of harvest. FTIR results showed that S. chordalis and E. denticulatum possess a dominant type of carrageenan called iota-carrageenan. This type of carrageenan is in the majority when the alga is at maturity in its development cycle. During its growth phase, iota-carrageenan precursors can be detected by FTIR spectra, enabling a better control of the extraction and an application of these compounds in various economic sectors. When the alga E. denticulatum is in its juvenile stage, we found traces of kappa-carrageenan and nu-carrageenan polysaccharides in some extracts.

Funder

ISblue Project, Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue Planet

Investissements d’Avenir

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Drug Discovery,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous),Pharmaceutical Science

Reference74 articles.

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2. FAO (2018). The Global Status of Seaweed Production, Trade and Utilization. Globefish Res. Programme, 124, 120.

3. Hurtado, A.Q., Critchley, A.T., and Neish, I.C. (2017). Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends, Problems and Opportunities: Focus on Kappaphycus and Eucheuma of Commerce, Springer International Publishing.

4. The seaweed hydrocolloid industry: 2016 updates, requirements, and outlook;Porse;J. Appl. Phycol.,2017

5. Antiviral and cytotoxic activities of polysaccharides extracted from four tropical seaweed species;Bedoux;Nat. Prod. Commun.,2017

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