Affiliation:
1. Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
2. Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA) is an emerging mycotoxin produced by some species of Fusarium genera that widely contaminates food and feed. Gentiana lutea is a protected medicinal plant known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to its rich content of bioactive compounds. In order to evaluate the beneficial effects of G. lutea flower against BEA cytotoxicity, the aim of this study is to evaluate changes in protein expression after Jurkat cell exposure through a proteomics approach. To carry out the experiment, cells were exposed to intestinally digested G. lutea flower alone or in combination with the BEA standard (100 nM) over 7 days. Differentially expressed proteins were statistically evaluated (p < 0.05), revealing a total of 172 proteins with respect to the control in cells exposed to the BEA standard, 145 proteins for G. lutea alone, and 139 proteins when exposing the cells to the combined exposure. Bioinformatic analysis revealed processes implicated in mitochondria, ATP-related activity, and RNA binding. After careful analysis of differentially expressed proteins, it was evident that G. lutea attenuated, in most cases, the negative effects of BEA. Furthermore, it decreased the presence of major oncoproteins involved in the modulation of immune function.
Funder
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology
Reference50 articles.
1. (2023). European Commission (EC) Regulation No 915/2023 of 25 April 2023 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food. Off. J. Eur. Union., 119, 103–157.
2. EFSA (2022, July 19). Call for Continuous Collection of Chemical Contaminants Occurrence Data in Food and Feed. Available online: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/call/call-continuous-collection-chemical-contaminants-occurrence-data-food-and-feed-0.
3. Urbaniak, M., Waśkiewicz, A., and Stępień, Ł. (2020). Fusarium cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxins: Chemistry, biosynthesis, and occurrence. Toxins, 12.
4. Dietary exposure assessment to mycotoxins through total diet studies. A review;Carballo;Food Chem. Toxicol.,2019
5. Presence of mycotoxins in ready-to-eat food and subsequent risk assessment;Carballo;Food Chem. Toxicol.,2018