Role of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Modulating Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Author:

Miceli Vitale1ORCID,Bulati Matteo1ORCID,Gallo Alessia1ORCID,Iannolo Gioacchin1ORCID,Busà Rosalia1ORCID,Conaldi Pier Giulio1ORCID,Zito Giovanni1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Research Department, IRCSS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per I Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy

Abstract

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a multistep damage that occurs in several tissues when a blood flow interruption is inevitable, such as during organ surgery or transplantation. It is responsible for cell death and tissue dysfunction, thus leading, in the case of transplantation, to organ rejection. IRI takes place during reperfusion, i.e., when blood flow is restored, by activating inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, causing mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of parenchymal cells. Unfortunately, none of the therapies currently in use are definitive, prompting the need for new therapeutic approaches. Scientific evidence has proven that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can reduce inflammation and ROS, prompting this cellular therapy to also be investigated for treatment of IRI. Moreover, it has been shown that MSC therapeutic effects were mediated in part by their secretome, which appears to be involved in immune regulation and tissue repair. For these reasons, mediated MSC paracrine function might be key for injury amelioration upon IRI damage. In this review, we highlight the scientific literature on the potential beneficial use of MSCs and their products for improving IRI outcomes in different tissues/organs, focusing in particular on the paracrine effects mediated by MSCs, and on the molecular mechanisms behind these effects.

Funder

Ministero della Salute

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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