A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Inflammatory Biomarkers in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Author:

Mavroudis Ioannis1ORCID,Ciobica Alin2,Balmus Ioana Miruna3,Burlui Vasile4,Romila Laura4,Iordache Alin5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iasi, Romania

3. Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, 700057 Iasi, Romania

4. Preclinical Department, Apollonia University, Păcurari Street 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania

5. Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania

Abstract

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for most TBI cases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite its high incidence, mTBI pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that the inflammatory response is activated early after mTBI and can persist for several weeks or months. However, limited evidence on the utility of inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of clinical outcomes in mTBI has been previously provided. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of mTBI and the potential of some inflammatory biomolecules as biomarkers of mTBI. In this regard, eight studies comprising 1184 individuals were selected. Thus, it was shown that the increase in IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β plasma levels could be implicated in the development of early post-concussion symptoms. On the other hand, the persistence of the increased plasmatic concentrations of IL-10 and IL-8 for as long as six months following the brain injury event could suggest chronic inflammation leading to neuroinflammation and late or persistent symptoms. In this context, our findings showed that inflammatory biomarkers could be relevant in diagnosing or predicting recovery or long-term outcomes of mTBI.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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