Properties of Coatings Based on Calcium Phosphate and Their Effect on Cytocompatibility and Bioactivity of Titanium Nickelide

Author:

Marchenko Ekaterina S.1ORCID,Baigonakova Gulsharat A.1ORCID,Dubovikov Kirill M.1ORCID,Kokorev Oleg V.1ORCID,Gordienko Ivan I.2ORCID,Chudinova Ekaterina A.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Superelastic Biointerfaces, National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., 634045 Tomsk, Russia

2. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ural State Medical University, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia

Abstract

Coatings based on calcium phosphate with thicknesses of 0.5 and 2 μm were obtained by high-frequency magnetron sputtering on NiTi substrates in an argon atmosphere. The coating was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and in vitro cytocompatibility and bioactivity studies. A biphasic coating of tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) and hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) with a 100% degree of crystallinity was formed on the surface. The layer enriched in calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen was observed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface structure is homogeneous without visible defects. The 2 µm thick coating obtained by sputtering with a deposition time of 4 h and a deposition rate of 0.43 µm/h is uniform, contains the highest amount of the calcium phosphate phase, and is most suitable for the faster growth of cells and accelerated formation of apatite layers. Samples with calcium phosphate coatings do not cause hemolysis and have a low cytotoxicity index. The results of immersion in a solution simulating body fluid show that NiTi with the biphasic coating promotes apatite growth, which is beneficial for biological activity.

Funder

Russian Science Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Materials Science

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