The Current Role of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in the Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension

Author:

Pezzuto Beatrice1,Agostoni Piergiuseppe12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy

2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

Abstract

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with a poor prognosis if left untreated. Despite remarkable achievements in understanding disease pathophysiology, specific treatments, and therapeutic strategies, we are still far from a definitive cure for the disease, and numerous evidences have underlined the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to improve the prognosis. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard for assessing functional capacity and evaluating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying exercise limitation. As effort dyspnea is the earliest and one of the main clinical manifestations of PAH, CPET has been shown to provide valid support in early detection, differential diagnosis, and prognostic stratification of PAH patients, being a useful tool in both the first approach to patients and follow-up. The purpose of this review is to present the current applications of CPET in pulmonary hypertension and to propose possible future utilization to be further investigated.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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