Onco-Pathogen Mediated Cancer Progression and Associated Signaling Pathways in Cancer Development

Author:

Kannampuzha Sandra1,Gopalakrishnan Abilash Valsala1ORCID,Padinharayil Hafiza2,Alappat Reema Rose23ORCID,Anilkumar Kavya V.23ORCID,George Alex2ORCID,Dey Abhijit4ORCID,Vellingiri Balachandar5,Madhyastha Harishkumar6ORCID,Ganesan Raja7ORCID,Ramesh Thiyagarajan8,Jayaraj Rama910ORCID,Prabakaran D. S.1112ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India

2. Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680596, India

3. Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Maharajas College, Ernakulam 682011, India

4. Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India

5. Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, India

6. Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

7. Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea

8. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia

9. Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences (JIBS), Jindal Global Institution of Eminence Deemed to Be University, Sonipat 131001, India

10. Director of Clinical Sciences, Northern Territory Institute of Research and Training, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia

11. Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea

12. Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, India

Abstract

Infection with viruses, bacteria, and parasites are thought to be the underlying cause of about 8–17% of the world’s cancer burden, i.e., approximately one in every five malignancies globally is caused by an infectious pathogen. Oncogenesis is thought to be aided by eleven major pathogens. It is crucial to identify microorganisms that potentially act as human carcinogens and to understand how exposure to such pathogens occur as well as the following carcinogenic pathways they induce. Gaining knowledge in this field will give important suggestions for effective pathogen-driven cancer care, control, and, ultimately, prevention. This review will mainly focus on the major onco-pathogens and the types of cancer caused by them. It will also discuss the major pathways which, when altered, lead to the progression of these cancers.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Immunology and Microbiology,Molecular Biology,Immunology and Allergy

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