Therapeutic Obstinacy in End-of-Life Care—A Perspective of Healthcare Professionals from Romania

Abstract

Background: End-of-life care raises ethical, moral, legal and economic dilemmas, especially when physicians have to decide whether to initiate or to stop treatments that may be considered disproportionate and futile. Aim: To explore the opinion of health care professionals involved in end-of-life patient care on interventions considered disproportionate and futile at this stage of care, the causes and factors of pressure leading to such situations, and possible solutions to reduce the phenomenon. Material and method: The study used an adapted, designed questionnaire intended for health professionals caring for patients at the end of life. The 128 respondents were physicians, nurses, psychologists and social workers who expressed their opinions about therapeutic obstinacy in end-of-life care. Results: The results of the research highlight the role of the family as a pressure factor, the causes related to the non-acceptance of the prognosis and diagnosis of a terminal condition, fear of death and ignorance of the patient’s wishes. Interventions considered disproportionate at the end of life were cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, transfusion of blood derivatives, complex diagnostic investigations and the establishment of gastrostomy/jejunostomy in the last days of life. Conclusions: End-of-life therapeutic obstinacy is a reality in end-of-life care, and healthcare professionals face many ethical challenges in this process. Care decisions must be made together with the patient and their family, respecting the rights, dignity and respect of all parties involved in the process.