Risk of Sarcopenia and Associated Factors in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

Author:

Massimino Elena1,Izzo Anna1,Castaldo Carmen1ORCID,Ferretti Erica1,Rivellese Angela Albarosa1,Della Pepa Giuseppe12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy

2. Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy

Abstract

Background: Evidence on the risk of sarcopenia and associated factors in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking. We evaluate (1) the proportion of patients at risk of sarcopenia in older adults with T2D; and (2) the factors associated with the risk of sarcopenia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on T2D patients over 65 years referred to our outpatient clinic and who carried out the yearly complication assessment visit. Eligible patients were administered questionnaires during phone interviews for the risk evaluation of sarcopenia (SARC-F), the risk evaluation of malnutrition (Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA®-SF)), the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDI-quest), and the evaluation of physical activity (the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form). Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study, and 12 patients (8.7% (95% CI 4.6–14.7)) were at risk of sarcopenia. The mean SARC-F score was significantly higher in women compared with men (2.1 ± 1.8 vs. 0.9 ± 1.4, respectively; p < 0.001). The majority of patients identified at risk of sarcopenia compared with those not at risk were women (75% vs. 30%, respectively; p = 0.003), had a higher proportion of neuropathy (50% vs. 19%, respectively; p = 0.027), a lower mean MNA®-SF score (11.6 ± 1.5 vs. 13.0 ± 1.4, respectively; p = 0.001), a lower mean MEDI-quest score (5.2 ± 1.5 vs. 5.9 ± 1, respectively; p = 0.037), and were more inactive (92% vs. 61%, respectively; p = 0.032). Conclusions: In a sample of older adults with T2D, the risk of sarcopenia was identified in 8.7% (95% CI: 4.6–14.7) of the sample, and the main factors associated were female gender, neuropathy, a lower MNA®-SF score, low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and low physical activity.

Funder

Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery of the Federico II University Hospital

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health Information Management,Health Informatics,Health Policy,Leadership and Management

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