Knowledge and Visual Differentiation Ability of the Pressure Injury Classification System and Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis among Hospital Nurses: A Descriptive Study

Abstract

This study investigated clinical nurses’ knowledge and visual differentiation ability of the pressure injury classification system (PICS) and incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), additionally analyzing possible influencing factors. A convenience sample of 248 nurses took the PICS and IAD knowledge test (KT) and completed the visual differentiation ability test (VDAT), consisting of 21 photographs with clinical information. The overall mean score for correct answers was 12.65 ± 2.90 points in PICS and IAD KT and 11.43 ± 4.57 points in VDAT. Incorrect responses were most common for statements related to stage II, III, IAD for PICS and IAD KT, and deep tissue pressure injury (DTPI), unstageable, and stage III for VDAT. Significant correlations were found between PICS and IAD KT and VDAT (r = 0.252, p < 0.001). Factors affecting scores for VDAT were the scores of PICS and IAD KT, debridement experience in nursing patients with PI, and the management frequency of PI and IAD. Results indicate that nurses have an overall understanding of PICS and IAD, but low visual differentiation ability regarding stage III, DTPI, and unstageable PI. Continuing education is needed to further improve knowledge and visual differentiation ability for PICS and IAD.