Clinical Manifestation, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis of Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review

Author:

Anwar Faheem12ORCID,Haider Fatima3,Khan Sarmir14,Ahmad Ibrar1,Ahmed Naveed5,Imran Muhammad6,Rashid Summya7,Ren Zhi-Guang8,Khattak Saadullah2ORCID,Ji Xin-Ying2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan

2. Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China

3. Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

4. Center of Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China

5. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia

6. Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

7. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia

8. Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China

Abstract

Monkeypox virus is a double-stranded DNA virus species that causes disease in humans and mammals. It is a zoonotic virus belongs the genus Orthopoxviral, the family of Poxviridae, associated with the smallpox virus in many aspects. The first human case of monkeypox was reported throughout the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970. In April 2022, several cases were recorded in widespread regions of Africa, the Northern and western hemispheres. The current review spotlights taxonomic classification, clinical presentations during infection, and the pathogenicity of the monkeypox virus in humans. Furthermore, the current review also highlights different diagnostics used for virus detection.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Paleontology,Space and Planetary Science,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference81 articles.

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