On the Solute-Induced Structure-Making/Breaking Phenomena: Myths, Verities, and Misuses in Solvation Thermodynamics

Abstract

We review the statistical mechanic foundations of the fundamental structure-making/breaking functions, leading to the rigorous description of the solute-induced perturbation of the solvent environment for the understanding of the solvation process of any species regardless of the type and nature of the solute–solvent interactions. Then, we highlight how these functions are linked to unambiguous thermodynamic responses resulting from changes in state conditions, composition, and solute–solvent intermolecular interaction asymmetries. Finally, we identify and illustrate the pitfalls behind the use of surrogate approaches to structure-making/breaking markers, including those based on Jones–Dole’s B-coefficient and Hepler’s isobaric-thermal expansivity, while highlighting their ambiguities and lack of consistency and the sources of misinterpretations.