High Levels of Diversity in Anopheles Subgenus Kerteszia Revealed by Species Delimitation Analyses

Author:

Bourke Brian P.123ORCID,Wilkerson Richard C.123,Ruiz-Lopez Fredy4ORCID,Justi Silvia A.123,Pecor David B.123,Quinones Martha L.5,Navarro Juan-Carlos67ORCID,Ormaza Joubert Alarcón8,Ormaza Joubert Alarcón8,González Ranulfo9,Flores-Mendoza Carmen10,Castro Fanny10ORCID,Escovar Jesús E.11ORCID,Linton Yvonne-Marie123

Affiliation:

1. Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA

2. One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA

3. Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA

4. Program for the Study and Control of Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia

5. Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia

6. Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases and Ecoepidemiology, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170134, Ecuador

7. Instituto de Ecologia y Zoologia Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1053, Venezuela

8. Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador

9. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Ed 320, Cali 760032, Colombia

10. Entomology Department, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit. No 6, Bellavista, Lima APO AA 34031, Peru

11. Escuela de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá 111001, Colombia

Abstract

The Anopheles subgenus Kerteszia is a poorly understood group of mosquitoes that includes several species of medical importance. Although there are currently twelve recognized species in the subgenus, previous studies have shown that this is likely to be an underestimate of species diversity. Here, we undertake a baseline study of species delimitation using the barcode region of the mtDNA COI gene to explore species diversity among a geographically and taxonomically diverse range of Kerteszia specimens. Beginning with 10 of 12 morphologically identified Kerteszia species spanning eight countries, species delimitation analyses indicated a high degree of cryptic diversity. Overall, our analyses found support for at least 28 species clusters within the subgenus Kerteszia. The most diverse taxon was Anopheles neivai, a known malaria vector, with eight species clusters. Five other species taxa showed strong signatures of species complex structure, among them Anopheles bellator, which is also considered a malaria vector. There was some evidence for species structure within An. homunculus, although the results were equivocal across delimitation analyses. The current study, therefore, suggests that species diversity within the subgenus Kerteszia has been grossly underestimated. Further work will be required to build on this molecular characterization of species diversity and will rely on genomic level approaches and additional morphological data to test these species hypotheses.

Funder

Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division—Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveil-lance

Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division–Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveillance

Fonacit-Agenda Biodiversidad Venezuela

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

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