Conceptualizing Epigenetics and the Environmental Landscape of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Author:

Torres German1,Mourad Mervat2,Iqbal Saba3,Moses-Fynn Emmanuel3,Pandita Ashani3ORCID,Siddhartha Shriya S.4ORCID,Sood Riya A.3,Srinivasan Kavya3,Subbaiah Riya T.5,Tiwari Alisha3,Leheste Joerg R.3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Medaille College, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA

2. Department of Clinical Specialties, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA

3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA

4. Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA

5. Department of Arts and Sciences, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA

Abstract

Complex interactions between gene variants and environmental risk factors underlie the pathophysiological pathways in major psychiatric disorders. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neuropsychiatric condition in which susceptible alleles along with epigenetic states contribute to the mutational landscape of the ailing brain. The present work reviews recent evolutionary, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms potentially linked to the etiology of autism. First, we present a clinical vignette to describe clusters of maladaptive behaviors frequently diagnosed in autistic patients. Next, we microdissect brain regions pertinent to the nosology of autism, as well as cell networks from the bilateral body plan. Lastly, we catalog a number of pathogenic environments associated with disease risk factors. This set of perspectives provides emerging insights into the dynamic interplay between epigenetic and environmental variation in the development of Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

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